Caffeine has been used for over 30 years to treat episodes of apnea in preterm infants. Caffeine citrate is considered one of the most safety and effective drugs, with few or no side effects, used in our Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU).
Many randomized studies describe the use and benefits of caffeine in the preterm population. Studies based on caffeine prophylactic use in preterm infants, as well as new indications out of apnea of prematurity have been recently published.
Despite being one of the drugs most used in our NICU, are not yet available clinical practice guidelines and