I think what this shows is that this particular strain of probiotics is ineffective. Herein lies the problem with the huge glut of info on probiotics and that is the wide variation in products that have used. I suspect probiotics will not help all premature infants but rather a subset which we have yet to identify. Add to this that so few centres are comparing the same bacteria and it is no wonder the results are inconsistent.
Based on the work being done here in Manitoba on the infant microbiome (see work by Meghan Azad) it is clear that not only do the bacterial genus and species matter but whether they are active and to what extent that influences health. I am not sure how we will ever settle the probiotic discussion but it may become entirely moot as we expand donor breast milk programs which I think is the better way to go.